http://www.energytoday.com.au/publications/recent-energy-publications.php#a An catalogue of energy publications and reports compiled by Energy Today. en-au http://www.energytoday.com.au/publications/recent-energy-publications.php PHP http://www.energytoday.com.au/publications/recent-energy-publications.php#a210 The report concludes that international agreement on a global goal of 450 ppm CO2e is not possible at this time, so Australia's efforts should be directed towards stabilisation of global greenhouse gas concentrations at 550 ppm. The trajectory for Australia is to reduce emissions net of international trading by 10 per cent from 2000 levels by 2020 (30 per cent per capita), and 80 per cent by 2050 (90 per cent per capita). Over the transition period, permits should be sold by the independent regulatory authority at $20 per tonne in 2010, rising each year by 4 per cent plus the percentage increase of the consumer price index. 1220245200 Targets And Trajectories http://www.energytoday.com.au/publications/recent-energy-publications.php#a209 The Australian Geothermal Energy Association commissioned McLennan Magasanik Associates to address the question of how much capacity the Australian geothermal industry is expected to deploy by 2020. The main findings are that the emerging Australian geothermal energy industry can be expected to provide at least 1,000 MW and potentially up to 2,200 MW of base-load capacity by 2020 into the National Electricity Market, providing up to 40% of the Federal GovernmentÂ’s 2020 Renewable Energy target of 45,000 GWh. The 2,200 MW of capacity will need an estimated $12b investment and could provide electricity at around $120 /MWh at small scale (10 MW to 50 MW) and decreasing to around $80/MWh at large scale (300 MW or greater) by 2020. That price is expected to be the lowest cost of any form of renewable energy with most of the capacity expected to come from developments in South Australia. 1217566800 Installed capacity and generation from geothermal sources by 2020 http://www.energytoday.com.au/publications/recent-energy-publications.php#a208 This report, by ACIL Tasman for the Energy Supply Association of Australia, has modelled the effects of an emissions trading scheme on Australia's electricity markets. The modelling looked at the effects under 2 scenarios - a 10% or 20% reduction in emissions by 2020, from 2000 levels. The study found that to achieve a 10% reduction in emissions required the closure of 6,700 MW of existing plant and investment in approximately 15,000 MW of new plant. Meeting the 10% reduction will force the closure of the majority of the existing coal plant in Victoria and South Australia by 2020.The 20% renewable electricity target by 2020 could be achieved, adding approximately 5% in real terms to retail tariffs by 2020. 1214888400 The impact of an ETS on the energy supply industry http://www.energytoday.com.au/publications/recent-energy-publications.php#a207 The green paper on emissions trading outlines the likely make up of the federal government's emissions trading scheme, to be implemented in 2010. It includes transport fuel, but mitigates the cost for 3 years, while excluding agriculture for at least 5 years. Coal-fired generators will be provided compensation and trade exposed emission intense industries will be given free permits up to 30% of the total. Businesses that emit more than 25,000 tonnes CO2e will be obligated under the scheme. 1214888400 Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme http://www.energytoday.com.au/publications/recent-energy-publications.php#a206 The Future Fuels Forum found that the increasing cost of oil and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will drive change. Australia's fuel mix will be more diverse and the price of oil-based fuel products will increase. The transport sector will make a modest contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions but technology alone will not be sufficient to meet the potential fuel supply gap. Any increase in transport costs will adversely impact low income earners and that Australia is very vulnerable to changing market conditions. 1214888400 Fuel for thought – The future of transport fuels http://www.energytoday.com.au/publications/recent-energy-publications.php#a205 The key outcomes of the 2008 Statement Of Opportunities include: Economic growth within WA is forecast to remain strong over the period to 2017/18, with an annual average rate of growth of 4.9% in Gross State Product. Electricity consumption and maximum demand are both forecast to grow through to 2017/18 at 3.9% per annum on average. Several new large industrial loads are expected to be commissioned by 2010/11, which will result in substantial increases in both electricity consumption and maximum demand. Without these new major loads, electricity consumption is forecast to grow at 2.2% and maximum demand at 3.3%. The Reserve Capacity Target for 2010/11 is set at 5,146 MW. To meet this target, 226 MW of new generation and demand side management capacity will be required beyond that which is already in place or under construction. 1214888400 Statement of Opportunities http://www.energytoday.com.au/publications/recent-energy-publications.php#a204 This report details the methodology that the Review is applying to evaluation of the costs and benefits of climate change mitigation; to the application of the science of climate change to Australia; to the international context of Australian mitigation, and to Australian mitigation policy. 1214888400 Garnaut Climate Change Review http://www.energytoday.com.au/publications/recent-energy-publications.php#a203 The UNEP report reveals that new investment in sustainable energy reached record levels of $148.4 billion in 2007, 60% higher than in 2006. Wind continued to attract the most investment, mainly for new capacity, but solar investment took off in 2007 – $28.6 billion of new investment flowed into solar, which has grown at an average annual rate of 254% since 2004. Sustainable energy accounted for 31 gigawatts (23%) of new power generation capacity added worldwide in 2007, and 5.4% of installed generation capacity. Wind power continues to dominate renewable energy capacity. In 2007, wind attracted more investment than nuclear or hydro, and accounted for more new generation capacity in Europe than any other power source. Interest in clean energy investment surged forward, with assets under management in clean energy funds rising to $35 billion in 2007. Early-stage venture capital investment surged 112% to $2 billion in 2007, boosted by interest in emerging renewable technologies. Research & Development spending on clean energy and energy efficiency was $16.9 billion in 2007, including corporate R&D of $9.8 billion, and government R&D of $7.1 billion. Solar is the single most incubated technology, with a bias towards service companies, disruptive technologies and large-scale generation such as solar thermal electricity generation. Clean energy companies more than doubled the amount of money they raised on the worldÂ’s public markets in 2007, raising $27 billion. 1214888400 Global Trends In Sustainable Energy Investment 2008 http://www.energytoday.com.au/publications/recent-energy-publications.php#a202 The Renewable Energy Sub Group of the COAG Working Group on Climate Change and Water has identified key design issues that need to be addressed in determining the most appropriate RET design approach. They have identified 2 approaches for consideration. Approach 1 is based closely on the existing MRET scheme. Its primary focus is on achieving the 2020 RECs target at least cost. It creates a strong investment incentive early in the scheme and encourages the early creation of RECs that can be used in future years to help minimise RECs prices over the duration of the scheme. Approach 2 seeks to balance the least-cost considerations outlined under Approach 1 with managing the risk that in addition to all RECs targets being met, 45 000 GWhs of renewable electricity is not generated in 2020. This approach seeks to encourage a smoother investment profile to help bring forward new technologies in the latter part of the scheme. 1214888400 Design Options for the Expanded National Renewable Energy Target Scheme http://www.energytoday.com.au/publications/recent-energy-publications.php#a201 This consultation looks at ways the UK can meet its proposed share of the EU 2020 target for renewable energy in the most cost-effective way. This target is to achieve 15% of the UK's energy from renewables by 2020, which is equivalent to almost a ten-fold increase in renewable energy consumption from current levels. The measures aim to stimulate the market to deliver the necessary investment in the most cost effective way by providing a clear long term framework and removing the obstacles to increasing renewable generation. It contains a very useful summary of the technologies, including distributed energy and transport, as well as policy options for their uptake. 1212296400 UK Renewable Energy Strategy